Step 1: Make the Dough

Mix flour, salt, and sugar in a large bowl.

Cut in cold butter using a pastry cutter or your fingers until pea-sized crumbs form.

Drizzle ice water and vinegar over the mixture, stirring gently until dough comes together.

Divide dough into two equal portions, shape into disks, wrap in plastic, and refrigerate for at least 1 hour.

Step 2: Prepare the Filling

Peel, core, and slice apples into ¼-inch thick slices.

In a large bowl, toss apple slices with lemon juice, granulated sugar, brown sugar, flour, cornstarch, cinnamon, and nutmeg.

Let mixture sit at room temperature for 30 minutes to macerate.

Step 3: Roll and Assemble

Preheat oven to 425°F (220°C). Place a baking sheet on the lower rack.

Roll one dough disk to 12 inches in diameter. Transfer to a 9-inch pie dish.

Add apple filling, mounding slightly in the center. Dot with butter pieces.

Roll second dough disk, place over filling. Trim excess dough, fold edges under, and crimp.

Cut 4-5 slits in the top crust for steam. Brush with egg wash and sprinkle with coarse sugar if desired.

Step 4: Bake

Place pie on the preheated baking sheet. Bake at 425°F for 20 minutes.

Reduce oven temperature to 375°F (190°C) and continue baking for 40-45 minutes, until crust is golden and filling is bubbling.

If edges brown too quickly, cover with foil halfway through baking.

Cool on a wire rack for at least 3 hours before slicing.